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      September 2022

      WordPress Settings Overview: 6 Settings Screens to Familiarize Yourself With


      In this post, we’ll walk you through each of the six WordPress settings screens. We’ll explain what each panel does and how to customize it to suit your needs.

      Once you complete your first successful WordPress installation, you may find yourself wondering what your next steps should be. Even though WordPress is an easy-to-grasp, beginner-friendly platform, the wealth of screens waiting for you in the dashboard could send your head into a spin.

      In our opinion, the best place to start is with your Settings panel, and fortunately, it’s a breeze to navigate. There are six different pages that encompass practically everything you’ll need to tweak how your site works and acts with visitors.

      What Are WordPress Settings?

      WordPress Settings menu in sidebar

      The Settings area of your WordPress dashboard acts as a central location for the tools you need to define, customize, and control the various sections of your site. There are six default pages to traverse, although some plugins will often add further options.

      Within each page are options to micromanage the way readers interact with posts (such as via commenting), general site-wide time and date settings, and even some essential tweaks related to usability and your search engine ranking. As you can imagine, these settings affect the very fabric of your site, and it’s one good way to provide a unique experience for visitors.

      WordPress Settings Overview

      Let’s take a look at the six default pages in more depth. It’s worth noting that while the settings you change here are global on the whole, some plugins will offer further customization via WordPress’ other various screens.

      With that in mind, let’s begin with your general WordPress settings.

      1. General Settings

      WordPress General settings

      First up is the General screen, which lets you customize the basic, top-level elements of your site. The screen is loosely sectioned according to each setting’s focus.

      Site Title & Tagline

      For example, at the top, you can set your Site Title and Tagline. The former will obviously show up in the title bar of your browser and search engines once your site is published. The latter is usually displayed underneath your site’s title and is a short explanation of what your site is about. Both elements provide an excellent opportunity for improving your site’s Search Engine Optimization (SEO).

      WordPress & Site Address

      Moving on, your WordPress Address (URL) and Site Address (URL) are usually the same and are simply your site’s URL. The Email Address field should contain the primary email that you wish to receive admin-specific emails to.

      User Options

      Next are some basic user registration options. The Membership checkbox toggles whether anyone can register on your site, while the New User Default Role drop-down menu sets a default role for any new site subscribers. We recommend you keep this to Subscriber initially, as this offers the least amount of site access.

      Time & Date

      The next grouping is centered around times and dates. You can select a timezone, along with a time and date format (all of which should be based on either your business or visitor location). The Week Starts On drop-down enables you to set a specific day as your start of the week.

      Site Language

      Finally, the Site Language menu lets you set a default language for your WordPress dashboard. Note that this isn’t related to your on-screen, front-end content in any way.

      Once you’ve made your updates, click on Save Changes. You should see your changes apply immediately. However, before you go any further, you’ll want to customize the other pages in the Settings section.

      2. Writing Settings

      WordPress Writing Settings

      The Writing screen is focused on default formatting options for your posts and pages’ editor screens. This is more strictly apportioned into four sections, unlike the General screen.

      Post Settings

      The three initial options relate directly to post formatting, with the two checkboxes under Formatting letting you automatically handle emoticons and XHTML. We recommend leaving these at their defaults, especially the second option. The two drop-downs here let you set a default category and format for posts, and in the case of the latter, will update based on any new categories you create.

      Moving on, the Press This section is an underused aspect of WordPress that lets you bookmark and edit snippets of web pages before publishing them to your site. It’s a great feature for blogging but may not suit every niche.

      Post Via Email

      Next, the Post via email section enables you to write and publish blog posts via email. We recommend you use your dashboard whenever possible, although it’s a handy alternative if you lack access and need to get a post out immediately. Finally, the Update Services section lets you decide how to notify people of new content on your blog.

      Note that while these options are a good start, you can customize your writing options further within the Posts screen on your dashboard.

      3. Reading Settings

      WordPress Reading Settings

      The Reading screen relates to how visitors will initially view your site. By default, your home page will list your latest blog posts, although this can obviously be changed.

      Homepage Display Settings

      You can tweak this using the homepage displays option. Blogs, for example, will likely want the latest posts to be front and center. If you’d like users to land on a specific home page, select the Static Page option, then choose both a Front and Posts page from the drop-downs.

      Blog Settings

      The next two options let you set how many of your most recent posts are shown at any one time on your blog and within any RSS feeds, and below those, the For each article in a feed show box lets you show either the full text of your post or a simple summary.

      Search Engine Visibility

      Finally, Search Engine Visibility simply requests that search engines don’t index your site in its rankings. They don’t have to comply, but they usually do. Our recommendation here is to leave this checked until you’re ready to publish your site.

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      4. Discussion Settings

      WordPress Discussion Settings

      A primary benefit of WordPress is how it enables your readers to interact with your content. This section lets you manage engagement on your site. Let’s discuss the customizations you can make:

      Default Article Settings

      You have three settings to choose from here, and we’d recommend disabling the first two because, while sending and receiving notifications from other blogs sounds good, trackbacks are a controversial subject.

      Other Comment Settings

      This enables you to control site-wide, comment-specific actions. The options you choose here are totally subjective, although displaying newer comments first makes sense, in our opinion.

      Email Me Whenever

      If you want a notification email when someone makes a comment, or if a comment is in your moderation queue, make that selection here.

      Before a Comment Appears

      While you could simply let all comments through without moderation, we recommend you apply some form of filtering, in order to keep your comments sections free from online trolls.

      Comment Moderation

      Because spam is so ubiquitous across the internet, you can use this area to set criteria for holding spammy comments based on the number of links it contains. The default is fine for most cases.

      Comment Blacklist

      Since it is nearly impossible to allow comments without being hit by spammers, you can use this section to blacklist them. You can add known IP addresses, URLs, names, or email addresses here to prevent them from showing up on your site or in your notifications.

      Avatars

      Finally, the Avatars section relates to a comment author’s displayed image. This is another subjective section, although enabling avatars may create a more personable comments section.

      5. Media Settings

      WordPress Media Settings

      Image Sizes

      This section is much simpler compared to the others. In short, here you’ll define the sizes of your images once you upload them to your site. You’ll notice these are selectable when uploading images, and you can also create your own custom sizes, although you’ll need a bit of coding experience.

      The default sizes are Thumbnail, Medium, and Large. Alternatively, you’ll be able to type in a custom size by editing an image on a post or page.

      Upload Settings

      The final setting for this screen is a checkbox for uploading files. By selecting it, you can tell WordPress to organize your media based on the month and year.

      6. Permalinks Settings

      WordPress Permalinks Settings

      This final screen is one of the most powerful ones in your Settings pages. Permalinks are essentially the format of your individual pages’ URLs. While that may not seem like a big deal, it can be detrimental to your site’s SEO if you get the format wrong.

      The default option when installing WordPress is Plain. This appends a string of numbers to your URL, relating to its database ID. In our opinion (and many others), it looks ugly. What’s more, it’s not good for SEO.

      As for the other options, you can set multiple permutations of the date and post name, a slightly prettier-looking numeric permalink, or simply use Post name. Our advice here is to stick to the Post name format for all but incredibly content-heavy and time-specific (such as news) websites.

      In those cases, a date-based format will potentially be more appropriate. Even so, you’ll want to optimize the permalink further on a post-by-post basis.

      Although you could set a custom permalink structure, there’s no need to unless you’ve got a very specific reason for doing so. The options provided by WordPress should cover the needs of most sites.

      Confidently Configure Your WordPress Settings 

      Even as a first-time user of WordPress, there is no need to feel overwhelmed when it comes to configuring and customizing its settings. In fact, understanding how the six different pages impact your site can help you take control of the platform. With this WordPress settings tutorial, you should now be able to optimize your WordPress website to best meet your needs.

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      DreamPress Plus and Pro users get access to Jetpack Professional (and 200+ premium themes) at no added cost!

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      How to Manually Install WordPress


      In this post, we’re going to show you how to manually install WordPress and configure it. We’ll tell you what tools you’ll need and walk you through the installation process step by step. Let’s dive in.

      WordPress is the most popular web platform and Content Management System (CMS) worldwide. By choosing it to develop your site, you’re joining a thriving community of users and developers. However, if you’ve never installed WordPress before, you may be unsure of the process and how to get everything working.

      Fortunately, all you need is a clear plan and a bit of patience. Performing a manual installation will likely take more time than the one-click method. However, by the time you’re done, you’ll have a stronger understanding of what makes the platform so amazing, as well as valuable knowledge that you can use in the future.

      How DreamHost Simplifies Installing WordPress

      Manually installing WordPress isn’t too difficult, but it can trip you up if you come across an unfamiliar aspect of the platform. We’ll discuss why and how to perform this kind of installation in a moment, but we would be remiss if we didn’t first tell you how you can avoid it altogether.

      Instead of installing WordPress on your own, you can often perform this task through your hosting service. If that service is optimized for WordPress, you may be offered features that dramatically simplify the process.

      For a perfect example, check out our managed WordPress hosting plan. When you opt for this or one of our other WordPress-specific hosting options, you’ll get access to a one-click method for installing the platform. This lets you set up a new site in minutes without any technical know-how.

      However, if you don’t have access to a one-click installation option, or you simply want to know how to install WordPress manually, read on to learn about everything that’s involved.

      When Should You Manually Install WordPress

      As we’ve discussed, a hosting plan such as DreamPress offers you a simple way to install WordPress. However, there are also reasons you may want to perform a manual installation.

      For starters, a manual install gives you an opportunity to learn the ins and outs of how the platform works under the hood. This gives you extra insight when it comes to troubleshooting and dealing with any issues that may arise, along with a way to become more confident with WordPress and its customization.

      You’ll also be able to parlay that knowledge into creating a local installation using a tool such as XAMPP. This is a great way to test your site before you display it to the public.

      The Tools You’ll Need to Manually Install WordPress

      Before diving into the process, there are a few tools you’ll need to install WordPress manually. In addition to a hosting provider that enables you to create databases and users, you’ll also need:

      • A File Transfer Protocol (FTP) client. We recommend FileZilla, as it is open-source, platform-independent, easy to use, and supports secure transfer protocols. You may also need to brush up on your FTP skills before you get started.
      • The latest version of WordPress. You’ll want to download this by clicking the blue button on the WordPress.org website.
      • A dedicated coding text editor. This is optional, given that every Operating System (OS) includes a standard solution.

      On this last point, while you’ll likely be able to edit text files directly via your hosting account panel, we recommend using FTP.

      As we mentioned, while you can edit files using any text editor, a solution such as Atom can offer you more flexibility and other features to help make life easier down the line.

      How to Manually Install WordPress (In 5 Steps)

      With your tools in place, you’re ready to start manually installing WordPress, beginning with setting up a database and admin user.

      Step 1: Create a New WordPress Database and User

      Full disclosure here: This can sometimes be the most confusing step, as it involves a lot of detail. Not only are we going to create a database and an associated user account, but we’ll also refer back to them later when configuring your wp-config.php file.

      Your first step is to log in to your hosting account, access your account dashboard, and find an option that enables you to create databases. In DreamHost, navigate to Websites > MySQL Databases.

      Under the Create a new MySQL database section, fill out each field accordingly. When creating a new user, it’s important to choose a strong, hard-to-guess password — we recommend using a dedicated password generator. Note your credentials for later use, and click Add new database now!

      Creating a new MySQL database with Dreamhost

      Finally, you’ll need to set up privileges for your user account. Since you’re the administrator, you’ll need complete access. To do this, go to the MySQL Databases screen, find your database at the top, and click the user you just created under the Users Access column:

      User access to databases in Dreamhost

      Here, simply tick all of the boxes under the What may users do to tables in these databases? section, and save your changes. Your database should now be ready to use! The next step is to access it via WordPress.

      Step 2: Configure WordPress’ wp-config.php File

      In this step, we need to tell WordPress where your database is and how to access it using the wp-config.php file. In a nutshell, this file tells WordPress where to find every element of your site in the database. As you can imagine, it’s a key WordPress core file.

      To get started, navigate to your downloaded WordPress folder, and unzip it. Inside, you’ll find the wp-config-sample.php file. You’ll need to open it and find the following code:

      // ** MySQL settings - You can get this info from your web host ** //
      
      /** The name of the database for WordPress */
      define('DB_NAME', 'database_name_here');
      /** MySQL database username */
      define('DB_USER', 'username_here');
      /** MySQL database password */
      define('DB_PASSWORD', 'password_here');
      /** MySQL hostname */
      define('DB_HOST', 'mysql.example.com');

      You’ll need to replace the placeholders in each relevant define function with the database information from the previous step, specifically:

      • database_name_here (including the prefix and underscore outlined in the last step).
      • username_here (again, including the prefix and underscore).
      • password_here.
      • mysql.example.com (you’ll need to create a MySQL hostname in your panel and use that as the DB_HOST hostname).

      Finally, save your changes, then rename the file itself to wp-config.php. It’s now time to upload WordPress to your server.

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      Step 3: Upload Your WordPress Files to Your Server

      This step is arguably the easiest to achieve. We’ve actually already discussed how to find your FTP credentials and log in to your server. Once you’re there, you’re looking for the top-level directory (this could be called home, public_html, www, or root).

      You could install WordPress into a subdirectory (particularly if you’ve already got a website up and running). However, for this example, we’re using a clean server. To do this, simply navigate to your local WordPress folder in the left-hand panel of FileZilla, copy all of the files within, and drag them to your root folder:

      Now that your files are uploaded and your database is set up, the penultimate step is to install and set up WordPress itself.

      Step 4: Run WordPress’ Installation Script

      Once the previous steps are completed, it’s time to run the script that will complete your WordPress installation. To begin, navigate to yourdomain.com/wp-admin/install.php, replacing the placeholder domain with that of your site.

      You should see a prompt asking you to choose a language for your WordPress installation, which you should do before clicking Continue:

      select WordPress language

      The next screen enables you to name your site and add a WordPress admin username, password, and email address. When creating your username, it’s important to make sure it’s secure. If nothing else, choose a different name than simply admin — and also generate a complex password.

      create a wordpress username and password

      Finally, uncheck the Allow search engines to index this site box. This stops your site from appearing in search engines until you’re ready to go live, although you can change this setting later within WordPress. When you’re finished, click Install WordPress.

      Step 5: Finalize and Test Your Installation

      Once WordPress is installed, you’ll be brought to the WordPress dashboard. If not, you’ll want to work through some of the common installation problems and consult your host if you run into difficulty.

      At this point, you’ll likely be wondering what to do next. Here’s what we recommend:

      • Choose a suitable theme. In short, this governs how your site looks on the ‘front end’.
      • Install some essential plugins. These add-ons extend WordPress’ functionality, and some are crucial for protecting your site and users.
      • Get writing. You’ll now want to create any pages and posts you’ll need — this is the fun part!

      Our advice is to immerse yourself within WordPress by reading as much content about the platform as possible. Our blog is a great place to start, but there is a wealth of available information on WordPress and its workings. For example, the Codex will be key in developing your expertise.

      Install WordPress Easily

      Understanding how to manually install WordPress gives you an advantage when building a successful site. You can see exactly how your website interacts with the database, as well as how your files and their permissions work. You can also learn to troubleshoot issues at the source while gaining a skill set that will enable you to confidently build future sites.

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      DreamPress Plus and Pro users get access to Jetpack Professional (and 200+ premium themes) at no added cost!

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      How to Manage the Kernel on a Linode


      The primary component of every Linux system is the Linux kernel. The kernel interfaces with the system’s hardware and it controls the operating system’s core functionality. This guide covers the types of kernels that can be assigned to a Linode and how to view, update, or change the kernel.

      Types of Kernels

      Your Linode is capable of running one of three kinds of kernels:

      • Upstream kernel (or distribution-supplied kernel): This kernel is maintained and provided by your Linux distribution. A major benefit of this kernel is that the distribution was designed with this kernel in mind and all updates are managed through the distributions package management system. It also may support features not present in the Linode kernel (for example,
        SELinux).

      • Linode kernel: Linode also maintains kernels that can be used on a Linode. If selected, these kernels are provided to your Linode at boot (not directly installed on your system). The
        Current Kernels page displays a list of all the available Linode kernels.

      • Custom-compiled kernel: A kernel that you compile from source. Compiling a kernel can let you use features not available in the upstream or Linode kernels, but it takes longer to compile the kernel from source than to download it from your package manager. For more information on custom compiled kernels, review our guides for
        Debian, Ubuntu, and
        CentOS.

      Most of the distribution images available on Linode use the upstream distribution-supplied kernel by default.

      Determining Which Kernel Is Installed

      There are may ways you can determine which kernel version is installed on your Linux system. The following instructions cover the most common methods:

      1. Log in to the Linode through either
        SSH or
        Lish.

      2. Run one of the following commands to display the kernel version:

        • uname -r: Outputs a single line with just the kernel version.
        • hostnamectl: Outputs an organized list of system details, including the kernel version. Can only be used on distributions with
          systemd (Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, openSUSE, and more).
        • cat /proc/version: Outputs a string that contains the kernel version and release details.

      The kernel version should be a string that’s similar to 5.4.0-80-generic. In this example, the kernel ends with generic, which is common in Ubuntu systems to designate that this is an upstream kernel. If the kernel ends with something similar to linode123, a Linode kernel is being used and the string matches the precise Linode kernel release.

      Viewing and Modifying the Kernel in the Cloud Manager

      You can use the Cloud Manager to view the type of kernel you are using. If you are using a Linode kernel (not an upstream kernel), you can also view the kernel version.

      Note

      These instructions may not accurately reflect the actual kernel version installed. This is especially true if the Linode hasn’t been rebooted in a while or wasn’t rebooted after a change to the Linode’s Configuration. To determine the actual kernel version installed on your system, see
      Determining Which Kernel Is Installed.
      1. Navigate to your Linode in the
        Cloud Manager and click the Configuration tab.

      2. Find your current Configuration and click the corresponding Edit link. This may be located within the More Options Ellipses dropdown menu.

      3. Scroll to the Boot Settings section.

      4. Review the Kernel dropdown menu selection.

        • Latest 64 bit and Latest 32 bit: Uses one of the latest 64-bit or 32-bit Linode kernels at the time the Linode boots/reboots, depending on which option you selected. Since new kernel releases are rolled out over a short time period, the actual kernel used by your system may be one or two releases behind. This setting was the default for most distributions prior to August 2018.
        • Direct Disk: Instead of a Linux Kernel, this uses the MBE (Master Boot Record) of the primary disk*.
        • GRUB 2: Uses the upstream distribution-supplied kernel that’s installed on the primary disk. If a custom kernel has been installed instead, that is used instead. This is the most common option and has been the default for most new Linodes created after August 2018.
        • GRUB (Legacy): Uses the upstream distribution-supplied kernel that’s installed on the primary disk*. This should only be used on older Linux distributions that have Grub (not Grub 2) installed, like CentOS 6.
        • Specific Linode Kernel: Allows you to specify the exact Linode kernel to use. Since this kernel is maintained regardless of reboots or system updates, it may be preferred in some use cases.

        *Primary disk: the disk assigned as the “Root Device” within the Linode’s Configuration Profile.

      5. Make any desired changes and click the Save Changes button. Otherwise, if no changes were made, click Cancel.

      6. If any changes were made, reboot your Linode for the new kernel to take affect.

      Updating the Kernel

      Provided a newer kernel is available, you should be able to either manually (or automatically) update the kernel. The exact steps vary depending on the type of kernel and, for upstream kernels, the Linux distribution you are using.

      Updating the Linode Kernel

      Follow these steps if the Linode is using a Linode kernel:

      • Latest 64-bit or 32-bit kernel: Rebooting the Linode automatically updates the kernel used within your system to one of the latest Linode kernel release. Since new kernel releases are rolled out over a short time period, the actual kernel used by your system may be one or two releases behind.
      • Specific kernel version (ex: 5.12.2-x86_64-linode144): To update your kernel, follow the instructions within the
        Viewing and Modifying the Kernel in the Cloud Manager section. When selecting the kernel in the Linode’s Configuration Profile, chose your desired kernel version (or select Latest 64 bit), save the changes, and reboot your Linode.

      Updating the Upstream Kernel

      Follow these steps if the Linode is using an upstream kernel (the default for most new Linodes created after August 2018):

      1. Log in to the Linode through either
        SSH or
        Lish.

      2. Upgrade any system packages related to the kernel:

        • Ubuntu

          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade linux-generic
          
        • Debian

          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade linux-base
          
        • CentOS Stream, CentOS 8, AlmaLinux 8, Rocky Linux 8, and Fedora

          sudo dnf upgrade kernel
          
        • CentOS 7

          sudo yum update kernel
          

        Alternatively, you can upgrade all packages on your system. For specific commands, review the Update/Upgrade sections in the guides for your
        package manager. See
        APT (for Ubuntu and Debian),
        DNF (for CentOS Stream, CentOS 8, AlmaLinux 8, Rocky Linux 8, and Fedora), and
        YUM (for CentOS 7).

      3. Reboot the Linode.

      Considerations When Switching From a Linode Kernel to GRUB2

      While switching to GRUB2 is usually an easy seamless change, there are some fringe issues that can effect specific configurations.

      Asynchronous SCSI Scans

      At the time of this writing, if you wish to switch from a Linode kernel to GRUB2, there is a known issue related to Asynchronous SCSI scans that can in some cases cause disks to be created with the wrong address. For example, a disk that may be created as a device to be addressed to /dev/sda may instead appear on /dev/sdb. This issue can most commonly be identified with an error message that is the same or similar to the following when the boot device is set to /dev/sda:

      Failed to mount /dev/sda as root file system

      Users can generally resolve this issue by either using the latest upstream kernel instead, or by adding a kernel parameter to the grub configuration file, usually found in /etc/default/grub to disable the asynchronous scanning which causes the issue. To do this, the following line will need to be added to the end of the grub configuration file:

      File: /etc/default/grub

      Once the file has been edited, GRUB2 will need to be manually restarted. While this command will vary between Distros, using the following command will complete this task for Debian and Ubuntu:

      update-grub
      

      Users that rely on CentOS or other RHEL based operating systems should instead enter the following:

      sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
      

      Once completed, the disks should be read by GRUB2 correctly.

      SELinux

      In older systems created prior to August 2018, CentOS 7 and Fedora ship with
      SELinux running in enforcing mode by default. When switching from the Linode kernel to the upstream kernel, SELinux may need to relabel your filesystem at boot. When the relabeling completes, the Linode will shut down. If you have
      Lassie enabled, the Linode will automatically boot back up following the shut down. If you do not have Lassie enabled, you will need to manually reboot from the Cloud Manager.

      SELinux filesystem relabel

      You can trigger the relabel process by creating an empty /.autorelabel file and then rebooting:

      touch /.autorelabel
      

      No Upstream Kernel Installed

      If your system does not boot and instead shows a GRUB command line prompt in Lish like shown below, then you need to install the kernel and configure GRUB. This should only be necessary on Linodes which were created before February 2017. If this is the case, switch back to the Linode kernel in your configuration profile, reboot your Linode, and then follow this guide’s instructions for installing the kernel.

      Installing the Upstream Kernel and Configuring GRUB

      For new Linodes, an upstream kernel is already installed on your system and you do not need to follow these steps. In the case of older Linodes, this section outlines how to get both an upstream kernel (and GRUB) installed and configured on your system.

      1. Log in to the Linode through either
        SSH or
        Lish.

      2. Update your package management system and install the Linux kernel and GRUB 2. Choose /dev/sda if you’re asked which disk to install to during installation. Linode provides the GRUB bootloader, so your system only needs to provide a grub.cfg file.

        • Ubuntu

          sudo apt update && sudo apt install linux-generic grub2
          
        • Debian

          sudo apt update && sudo apt install linux-image-amd64 grub2
          
        • CentOS Stream, CentOS 8, AlmaLinux 8, Rocky Linux 8, Fedora

          sudo dnf upgrade && sudo dnf install kernel grub2
          
        • CentOS 7

          sudo yum update && sudo yum install kernel grub2
          
        • Arch Linux

          sudo pacman -Syu && sudo pacman -S linux grub
          
        • Gentoo

          emerge -avDuN world
          

          There are two main ways to install Gentoo’s kernel: Manual configuration and using the genkernel tool. Which you use and how you configure the kernel will depend on your preferences, so see the
          Gentoo Handbook for instructions.

        When the installation finishes, the kernel and other components are located in the /boot directory. For example:

        [root@archlinux ~]# ls /boot
            grub  initramfs-linux-fallback.img  initramfs-linux.img  vmlinuz-linux
      3. Next, configure the serial console and other GRUB settings so you can use
        Lish and
        Glish. This is outlined in the following steps.

      4. Open /etc/default/grub in a text editor and go to the line beginning with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX. Remove the word quiet if present, and add console=ttyS0,19200n8 net.ifnames=0. Leave the other entries in the line. For example, on CentOS 7 you should have something similar to:

        GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb console=ttyS0,19200n8 net.ifnames=0"
        
      5. Add or change the options in /etc/default/grub to match the following snippet. There are other variables in this file, but the current changes are only focused on these lines.

        File: /etc/default/grub
        1
        2
        3
        4
        5
        
        GRUB_TERMINAL=serial
        GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true
        GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --speed=19200 --unit=0 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1"
        GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
        GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=text
      6. Prepare and update the bootloader:

        • Debian and Ubuntu

          sudo update-grub
          
        • CentOS

          The .autorelabel file is necessary to queue the SELinux file system relabeling process when rebooting from the Linode kernel to the CentOS kernel.

          mkdir /boot/grub
          ln -s /boot/grub2/grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg
          grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
          touch /.autorelabel
          
        • Arch and Gentoo

          grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
          



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