One place for hosting & domains

      Image

      Comment changer l’opacité d’une image d’arrière-plan CSS


      Même si avec CSS et CSS3 vous pouvez faire un grand nombre de choses, ils ne vous permettent pas de configurer une opacité sur un arrière-plan CSS. Cependant, en faisant preuve de créativité, il existe une tonne de solutions originales qui donneront l’impression que l’opacité de l’image d’arrière-plan CSS a été modifiée. Ces deux méthodes suivantes intègrent une excellente prise en charge des navigateurs, Internet Explorer 8 inclus.

      Méthode 1 : utiliser un positionnement absolu et une image

      Cette méthode porte parfaitement son nom. Il vous suffit, tout simplement, d’utiliser le positionnement absolu sur une balise img normale pour donner l’impression d’avoir utilisé la propriété background-image de CSS. Tout ce que vous avez à faire, c’est de positionner l’image à l’intérieur d’un conteneur position: relative;. Voici à quoi ressemble généralement le balisage HTML :

      <div class="demo_wrap">
        <h1>Hello World!</h1>
        <img src="https://xpresservers.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/How-to-Change-a-CSS-Background-Images-Opacity.png" />
      </div>
      

      Et voici à quoi ressemblera votre CSS :

      .demo_wrap {
          position: relative;
          overflow: hidden;
          padding: 16px;
          border: 1px dashed green;
      }
      .demo_wrap h1 {
          padding: 100px;
          position: relative;
          z-index: 2;
      }
      .demo_wrap img {
          position: absolute;
          left: 0;
          top: 0;
          width: 100%;
          height: auto;
          opacity: 0.6;
      }
      

      Ici, l’astuce est de positionner l’img de manière absolue et de l’étirer jusqu’à remplir l’intégralité du conteneur parent. Et de positionner relatively tout le reste de façon à pouvoir configurer un z-index qui le positionnera au-dessus de l’img.

      Voici une démo en direct :

      Méthode 2 : utiliser des pseudo-éléments CSS

      Une fois que vous saurez comment ça marche, cette méthode est relativement simple à comprendre. Il s’agit sans nul doute de la méthode que je préfère. En utilisant les pseudo-éléments CSS :before ou :after, vous obtenez un div avec une image d’arrière-plan et configurez une opacité au-dessus. Voici à quoi devrait ressembler votre balisage HTML :

      <div class="demo_wrap">
        <h1>Hello World!</h1>
      </div>
      

      Et voici à quoi ressemble le CSS :

         .demo_wrap {
          position: relative;
          background: #5C97FF;
          overflow: hidden;
      }
      .demo_wrap h1 {
          padding: 50px;
          position: relative;
          z-index: 2;
      }
      /* You could use :after - it doesn't really matter */
      .demo_wrap:before {
          content: ' ';
          display: block;
          position: absolute;
          left: 0;
          top: 0;
          width: 100%;
          height: 100%;
          z-index: 1;
          opacity: 0.6;
          background-image: url('https://xpresservers.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/How-to-Change-a-CSS-Background-Images-Opacity.png');
          background-repeat: no-repeat;
          background-position: 50% 0;
          background-size: cover;
      }
      

      Ici, nous devons à nouveau déplacer le z-index de contenu (dans le cas présent, le <h1>) au-dessus du pseudo-élément de l’arrière-plan et explicitement configurer la position: absolute; et le z-index: 1 sur le pseudo-élément :before.

      Les autres attributs du pseudo-élément sont là pour le positionner de manière à chevaucher à 100 % le parent. Ils peuvent également utiliser une nouvelle propriété CSS intelligente : background-size: cover qui dimensionne l’arrière-plan de manière à couvrir l’élément sans en changer les proportions. Voici une belle petite démo de cette méthode :



      Source link

      How To Handle Images with GraphQL and the Gatsby Image API


      The author selected /dev/color to receive a donation as part of the Write for DOnations program.

      Introduction

      Handling images plays a pivotal role in building websites, but also can be challenging to deal with. Unoptimized images slow down websites, and many images that might look appropriate on a desktop are hard to scale down to a mobile device. Visually manipulating an image can also be tedious and difficult to maintain.

      All of these problems in isolation are not a big issue. The main problem is when you have to keep track of all of these rules and image-scaling techniques. When it comes to Gatsby.js projects, this is where the Gatsby Image API comes in handy. By using GraphQL queries, you can use the Gatsby Image API to take care of image compression, make an image responsive, and even handle basic image styling.

      In this tutorial, you are going to compress, transform, and style images using the Gatsby Image API and GraphQL queries.

      Prerequisites

      Step 1 — Setting Up a New Gatsby Project

      In this first step, you are going to set up a new Gatsby project and familiarize yourself with the key image plugins that you’ll use throughout this tutorial. You will also download and set up an image to optimize throughout the tutorial.

      First, use the CLI tool to start a new project named gatsby-image-project:

      • gatsby new gatsby-image-project https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby-starter-default

      This creates a new website from the starter template in the [gatsby-starter-default](https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby-starter-default) GitHub repository from Gatsby.

      Once the project is created, move into the new project directory:

      Next, open up the index.js file in a text editor of your choice:

      Delete all of the code between the layout wrapper component so that your file is the same as the following:

      gatsby-image-project/src/pages/index.js

      import React from "react"
      import { Link } from "gatsby"
      
      import Layout from "../components/layout"
      import Image from "../components/image"
      import SEO from "../components/seo"
      
      const IndexPage = () => (
        <Layout>
        </Layout>
      )
      
      export default IndexPage
      

      Next, replace the deleted code with the following highlighted JSX, which adds some HTML elements to the website:

      gatsby-image-project/src/pages/index.js

      import React from "react"
      import { Link } from "gatsby"
      
      import Layout from "../components/layout"
      import Image from "../components/image"
      import SEO from "../components/seo"
      
      const IndexPage = () => (
          <Layout>
            <div className="layout">
              <Image className="left-image"/>
              <h2>Hello</h2>
              <p>Welcome to my humble site</p>
              <p>All of our shirts are on sale!</p>
              <button className="shop-button">Shop</button>
            </div>
          </Layout>
      )
      
      export default IndexPage
      

      The Gatsby Image API will provide your new test image to the Image element in a later step. With this, you now have HTML to experiment with.

      Later in the tutorial, you’ll revisit the index.js page. For now, save and exit the file.

      The next file to open is gatsby-config.js. In this file, you will find the plugins responsible for processing images.

      Open up the file with the following:

      Once you have opened the gatsby-config file, locate the gatsby-plugin-sharp, gatsby-transformer-sharp, and gatsby-source-filesystem plugins:

      gatsby-image-project/gatsby-config.js

      module.exports = {
        siteMetadata: {
          title: `Gatsby Default Starter`,
          description: `Kick off your next, great Gatsby project with this default starter. This barebones starter ships with the main Gatsby configuration files you might need.`,
          author: `@gatsbyjs`,
        },
        plugins: [
          `gatsby-plugin-react-helmet`,
          {
            resolve: `gatsby-source-filesystem`,
            options: {
              name: `images`,
              path: `${__dirname}/src/images`,
            },
          },
          `gatsby-transformer-sharp`,
          `gatsby-plugin-sharp`,
          {
            resolve: `gatsby-plugin-manifest`,
            options: {
              name: `gatsby-starter-default`,
              short_name: `starter`,
              start_url: `/`,
              background_color: `#663399`,
              theme_color: `#663399`,
              display: `minimal-ui`,
              icon: `src/images/gatsby-icon.png`, // This path is relative to the root of the site.
            },
          },
          // this (optional) plugin enables Progressive Web App + Offline functionality
          // To learn more, visit: https://gatsby.dev/offline
          // `gatsby-plugin-offline`,
        ],
      }
      

      These plugins are as follows:

      • gatsby-plugin-sharp: Sharp is an image optimization library that Gatsby uses to process images. The gatsby-plugin-sharp provides a bridge between Sharp and Gatsby.

      • gatsby-transformer-sharp: This plugin performs image transformations, such as resizing, compressing, and changing background color.

      • gatsby-source-filesystem: This plugin allows you to source data from your filesystem into your application. In this case, it enables GraphQL to query images.

      Now that you have an idea of which plugins are used to process images, close the file.

      Next, add an image to your application to optimize, edit, and style later. In this tutorial, you are going to download an image from the Unsplash stock image website. Navigate to this picture of clothes on Unsplash in a browser and download the angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg image into the /images folder of your Gatsby project. The image must be located in the right directory in order to query the image with GraphQL and transform it using Gatsby’s Image API.

      Alternatively, you can download the image from the command line. First, move to the images directory:

      Next, execute the following command:

      • curl -sL https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1556905055-8f358a7a47b2 -o angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg

      This will use curl to download the image and output the file as angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg.

      In this section, you set up your Gatsby project to use Gatsby’s Image API. You explored the Gatsby configuration file to find gatsby-plugin-sharp, gatsby-transform-sharp, and gatsby-source-filesystem, which work together to optimize images. In the next step, you will test out querying and optimizing your image using GraphiQL, the GraphQL integrated development environment (IDE).

      Step 2 — Querying Images with GraphQL

      You are now going to query your new image using GraphQL. GraphQL is a query language for obtaining information from an API. It is also the data layer of Gatsby.

      First, return to the root of your Gatsby project, then start the development server:

      After your site finishes building, you will receive the following output:

      Output

      ... success open and validate gatsby-configs - 0.081s success load plugins - 4.537s success onPreInit - 0.070s success initialize cache - 0.034s success copy gatsby files - 0.320s success onPreBootstrap - 0.177s success createSchemaCustomization - 0.050s success Checking for changed pages - 0.003s success source and transform nodes - 0.264s success building schema - 0.599s info Total nodes: 35, SitePage nodes: 1 (use --verbose for breakdown) success createPages - 0.057s success Checking for changed pages - 0.005s success createPagesStatefully - 0.188s success update schema - 0.046s success write out redirect data - 0.006s success Build manifest and related icons - 0.456s success onPostBootstrap - 0.465s info bootstrap finished - 19.515s success onPreExtractQueries - 0.003s success extract queries from components - 0.932s success write out requires - 0.029s success run page queries - 0.039s - 1/1 25.97/s ⠀ You can now view gatsby-starter-default in the browser. ⠀ http://localhost:8000/ ⠀ View GraphiQL, an in-browser IDE, to explore your site's data and schema ⠀ http://localhost:8000/___graphql ⠀ Note that the development build is not optimized. To create a production build, use gatsby build ⠀ warn ESLintError: /your_filepath/gatsby-image-project/src/pages/index.js 2:10 warning 'Link' is defined but never used no-unused-vars 6:8 warning 'SEO' is defined but never used no-unused-vars ✖ 2 problems (0 errors, 2 warnings) success Building development bundle - 10.814s

      This output contains two links. The first link, https://localhost:8000/, is where you can find your local development site. The second link, http://localhost:8000/___graphql, is the location of GraphiQL. GraphiQL is an integrated development editor (IDE) that allows you to make queries in the browser. This is a useful tool that helps you experiment and make data queries before you add them to your codebase. GraphiQL only works when you are running the development server.

      With the help of GraphiQL, you can try out queries to retrieve your newly downloaded image. Open your browser and enter the GraphiQL URL http://localhost:8000/___graphql into the address bar. The browser will display the GraphiQL interface:

      Screenshot of the GraphQL IDE

      GraphiQL is split into three sections. To the far left is the Explorer, where you can find the fields that you are able to access via GraphQL. In the middle of the IDE is the sandbox where you make queries. Finally, to the far right you can find GraphQL’s documentation.

      Your first goal is to query the angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg image. Since the image is located in the local filesystem, you choose file in the Explorer box. This will show a dropdown menu of subdirectories. You will search for the image file by relative path, so select on relativePath. relativePath reveals another set of subfolders. You will enter the exact path of the image, so choose the eq for “equals”. Inside the quotes enter the path of the image angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg.

      GraphQL IDE showing the query to locate the image in the filesystem

      Now you are set to try out your first image manipulation. Your original image is 1920 by 1280 pixels. That is too big for your landing page, and it would help to make the image responsive. Normally, you would have to hard code the width into CSS and add media queries to make the image responsive. Gatsby’s Image API does all of that work for you, without you needing to write extra CSS.

      Select childImageSharp in the Explorer box, which transforms the image under the hood. Make sure to choose this from the top-level menu, not from under file. Choose fluid from the next dropdown. A fluid image stretches to fill its container. In the dropdown options for fluid, check maxWidth and enter the 750.

      The blue values just below the purple querying parameters are the different values you can return. Choose src and srcSet to return the location of the original and transformed image. Then click the play button to view the results:

      childImageSharp parameters

      After selecting the parameters, GraphiQL builds the following query:

      query MyQuery {
        file(relativePath: {eq: "angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg"}) {
          childImageSharp {
            fluid(maxWidth: 750) {
              src
              srcSet
            }
          }
        }
      }
      

      In the box on the right of the GraphiQL interface, you will find the return values. This will show:

      • src: Location of the image after processing.

      • srcSet: Same image set to a different size. This feature comes in handy if you want your images to be responsive.

      You do not have to choose fluid in your query; you also have the option to choose fix. A fixed image creates responsive images 1x, 1.5x, and 2x pixel densities using the <picture> element. The following is an example of a fixed query:

      query MyQuery {
        file(relativePath: {eq: "angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg"}) {
          childImageSharp {
            fixed(cropFocus: CENTER) {
              src
              srcSet
            }
          }
        }
      }
      

      This query will return the following:

      {
        "data": {
          "file": {
            "childImageSharp": {
              "fixed": {
                "src": "/static/8e3a47b77ddf6636755d7be661d7b019/0ad16/angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg",
                "srcSet": "/static/8e3a47b77ddf6636755d7be661d7b019/0ad16/angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg 1x,n/static/8e3a47b77ddf6636755d7be661d7b019/44157/angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg 1.5x,n/static/8e3a47b77ddf6636755d7be661d7b019/7fddd/angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg 2x"
              }
            }
          }
        },
        "extensions": {}
      }
      

      In this query you have a fixed version of the image, with the crop focus set to center. Your return value is the location of the image and a set of different image sizes (1x, 1.5x, 2x respectively).

      Now that you have tested out the GraphQL query using GraphiQL and the childImageSharp node, you will next add the queried image to a template and further optimize it using Gatsby’s Image API.

      Step 3 — Optimizing Your Image’s Performance for the Web

      In this section you are going to transfer your GraphQL image to the index.js page of your project and perform more image optimizations.

      From your terminal in the root of your Gatsby project, open the image component in your favorite text editor:

      • nano src/components/image.js

      Now, use the query that you tried out in the GraphiQL interface. Delete "gatsby-astronaut.png" and replace it with "angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg". Also replace maxWidth: 300 with maxWidth: 750:

      gatsby-image-project/src/components/image.js

      import React from "react"
      import { useStaticQuery, graphql } from "gatsby"
      import Img from "gatsby-image"
      
      /*
       * This component is built using `gatsby-image` to automatically serve optimized
       * images with lazy loading and reduced file sizes. The image is loaded using a
       * `useStaticQuery`, which allows us to load the image from directly within this
       * component, rather than having to pass the image data down from pages.
       *
       * For more information, see the docs:
       * - `gatsby-image`: https://gatsby.dev/gatsby-image
       * - `useStaticQuery`: https://www.gatsbyjs.com/docs/use-static-query/
       */
      
      const Image = () => {
        const data = useStaticQuery(graphql`
          query {
            placeholderImage: file(relativePath: { eq: "angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg" }) {
              childImageSharp {
                fluid(maxWidth: 750) {
                  ...GatsbyImageSharpFluid
                }
              }
            }
          }
        `)
      
        if (!data?.placeholderImage?.childImageSharp?.fluid) {
          return <div>Picture not found</div>
        }
      
        return <Img fluid={data.placeholderImage.childImageSharp.fluid} />
      }
      
      export default Image
      

      ...GatsbyImageSharpFluid is a GraphQL fragment. This syntax allows you to obtain all of the different return values for childImageSharp and fluid. You will use this as the return value instead of src and srcSet.

      GraphiQL explorer list of return values for `childImageSharp` and `fluid`

      In the image.js file, after the GraphQL query there is an if statement:

      gatsby-image-project/src/components/image.js

      ...
        if (!data?.placeholderImage?.childImageSharp?.fluid) {
          return <div>Picture not found</div>
        }
      
        return <Img fluid={data.placeholderImage.childImageSharp.fluid} />
      }
      
      export default Image
      

      placeholderimage is the alias that is given in the query and returned in <Img fluid={data.placeholderImage.childImageSharp.fluid} />. In GraphQL you are able to name your queries. In the conditional statement, if you don’t have an image, then the words Picture not found will appear on the landing page.

      Save and close this file.

      Once you build your Gatsby site, the image will be processed and optimized by the Gatsby Image API. This will decrease the size of the image file to decrease loading time for your site. To test this out, navigate to the images directory to find the original file size:

      Now list out the files with the following command:

      The -sh flag will show you the memory size of the files in a human-readable format. You will receive the following output:

      Output

      total 5.0M 4.8M angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg 164K gatsby-astronaut.png 24K gatsby-icon.png

      Without any optimization, the image is 4.8M. Now you will look at how big the image is after you’ve used Gatsby’s Image API.

      Navigate to the root of your project and start the development server:

      Once the development server has started, place the local address into the browser. Once the site has loaded, right-click the image and select Inspect.

      Image with Inspect dropdown menu

      Now navigate to the Network tab of your browser’s developer tools. This tutorial will use Google Chrome DevTools:

      Local image size

      Your image went from 4.8 MB to 68.4 kB. That is significantly smaller than if you hadn’t used the Gatsby Image API.

      Note: If the HTTP status for the image request is 304, the image may be significantly smaller due to caching. To get a more reliable view of the image size, clear the cache and refresh the page.

      Keep developer tools open and head over to the Elements tab. Hover over the image. You will find the HTML element <picture>...</picture> and its child <source>...</source>:

      Rendered HTML of the Gatsby site

      In the source tag, you can find the srcSet attribute (the same one you queried for in GraphQL). You will also find that the different heights and widths of the image were automatically generated. These different images ensure that angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg is fluid, without needing to change CSS.

      Note: While hovering over the image you might have noticed that the image is not keyboard-focusable, which could be an accessibility problem. If you want to learn more about accessibility, you can check out the Ally Project checklist.

      In this section you used the GraphQL Image query in your Gatsby template. You also optimized angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg without having to write extra CSS.

      In the next section, you will visually transform the image by using childSharpImage.

      Step 4 — Styling Your Image with childSharpImage

      In this section, you will transform the look of angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg with the help of childSharpImage. To test this, you will change your image to grayscale.

      Open image.js in a text editor:

      • nano src/components/image.js

      Go into your placeholderImage GraphQL query and inside of fluid set grayscale to true:

      gatsby-image-project/src/components/image.js

      import React from "react"
      import { useStaticQuery, graphql } from "gatsby"
      import Img from "gatsby-image"
      
      /*
       * This component is built using `gatsby-image` to automatically serve optimized
       * images with lazy loading and reduced file sizes. The image is loaded using a
       * `useStaticQuery`, which allows us to load the image from directly within this
       * component, rather than having to pass the image data down from pages.
       *
       * For more information, see the docs:
       * - `gatsby-image`: https://gatsby.dev/gatsby-image
       * - `useStaticQuery`: https://www.gatsbyjs.com/docs/use-static-query/
       */
      
      const Image = () => {
        const data = useStaticQuery(graphql`
          query {
            placeholderImage: file(relativePath: { eq: "angela-bailey-jlo7Bf4tUoY-unsplash.jpg" }) {
              childImageSharp {
                fluid(
                  maxWidth: 750
                  grayscale: true
                  ) {
                  ...GatsbyImageSharpFluid
                }
              }
            }
          }
        `)
      
        if (!data?.placeholderImage?.childImageSharp?.fluid) {
          return <div>Picture not found</div>
        }
      
        return <Img fluid={data.placeholderImage.childImageSharp.fluid} tabIndex='0' />
      }
      
      export default Image
      

      Save and close the file.

      Go back to your terminal and restart the server. You will find your image changed using childImageSharp, without writing and maintaining unnecessary CSS:

      Grayscale image

      Grayscale is just one of the many ways you can process your image using childImageSharp. Go to Gatsby’s documentation if you are curious about the other childImageSharp props.

      In this section you implemented grayscale by using childImageSharp. With this knowledge, you can perform many more image manipulations by leveraging the Gatsby Image API.

      Conclusion

      In this tutorial, you set your Gatsby project up to use the Gatsby Image API, query your Image using GraphQL, optimize your image’s performance, and style your image using childImageSharp. If you would like to learn more about Gatsby, check out the official Gatsby documentation.



      Source link

      How To Add and Style a Profile Image To Your Webpage With HTML



      Part of the Series:
      How To Build a Website With HTML

      This tutorial series will guide you through creating and further customizing this website using HTML, the standard markup language used to display documents in a web browser. No prior coding experience is necessary but we recommend you start at the beginning of the series if you wish to recreate the demonstration website.

      At the end of this series, you should have a website ready to deploy to the cloud and a basic familiarity with HTML. Knowing how to write HTML will provide a strong foundation for learning additional front-end web development skills, such as CSS and JavaScript.

      In this tutorial, we’ll walk through the steps of adding and styling the top profile image as displayed in the demonstration site.

      Top section of demonstration website

      Before we get started, you may want to pick a personal profile photo for including on your site. If you don’t have a profile photo, you can use any image for demonstration purposes or create an avatar through a site like Getavataaars.com. Otherwise, you can use the image from our demonstration site by downloading the image here. (For a refresher on how to add images to webpages using HTML, please visit our tutorial HTML Images from earlier in this tutorial series.)

      Once you’ve selected an image, save it as small-profile.jpg in your image folder.

      Paste the following <img> element in between the opening and closing <div> tags you created in the last tutorial like so:

      ...
      <div style="background-image: url('ImageLocation');
        background-size: cover; height:540px;">
      <img src="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ImageFilePath" style="height:150px;">
      </div>
      ...
      

      Make sure to switch out the highlighted src address with the file path of your profile image. Note that we are also using the style attribute to specify the height of the image to 150 pixels. The <img> element does not require a closing tag.

      Save and reload the page in the browser to check your results. You should receive the following:

      Profile image on background image

      Next, let’s add properties to our style attribute that will give our image a circular shape, a yellow border, and a top margin that push our image 80 pixels down from the top of the page.

      Add the highlighted properties to your <img> element:

      <img src="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ImageFilePath" style="height:150px; border-radius: 50%; border: 10px solid #FEDE00; margin-top:80px;">
      

      Make sure you still have the correct file path of your image listed as the src address. Save the file and reload it in the browser. You should receive something like this:

      Styled profile image

      Before moving on, let’s briefly pause to study the code modifications we just made. Setting the border-radius value to 50% gives the image a circular shape. Setting the border value to 10px solid #FEDE00 gives the image a solid border that is 10 pixels wide and has the hexadecimal color value #FEDE00. The margin-top property sets the top margin to 80 pixels.

      You should now know how to add and style a profile image to your website with HTML. We are now ready to add a title and subtitle to the webpage in the next tutorial.



      Source link